Gluten-free bao buns offer the warm, fluffy, and sweet qualities of traditional buns, making them ideal for savory fillings. These buns perfectly capture the essence of classic Chinese steamed buns, minus the gluten.
½cupwarm waterbetween 100 degrees F to 110 degrees F
¼cupwarm milkbetween 100 degrees F to 110 degrees F
2tablespoonsgranulated sugar
2teaspoonsactive dry yeastfast rising or instant yeast
1 ½cupsgluten-free all purpose flour(210 grams)
1teaspoonxanthan gumonly if your flour blend doesn’t already include it
½teaspoonbaking powder
¼teaspoonsalt
½tablespoonolive oil
Instructions
In a medium bowl, gently stir together warm water, warm milk, sugar and yeast. Set aside in a warm area (room temperature) and let sit for 10 minutes. The yeast will start to form foam on the top showing it’s activating.
In a separate large bowl, whisk together the flour, xanthan gum (if using) baking powder and salt. Set aside for now.
Add the activated yeast mixture to the dry ingredients and mix with dough hooks on low speed until the mixture starts to come together well and is no longer sticking to the edges of the bowl (about 2 to 3 minutes).
Using your hands, form the dough into a ball and place dough ball into a clean large bowl. If the dough is sticking to your hands a bit, lightly wet your hands. If the dough is extremely sticky, you may not have added enough flour or the dough isn’t mixed enough yet.
Cover that bowl with food safe plastic wrap and set aside in a warm area (room temperature) for 30 to 60 minutes until it doubles in size.
Cut eight 4-inch squares of parchment paper and place on a large baking sheet.
Remove dough from bowl and place on a lightly floured surface (using extra gluten-free flour).
Use a rolling pin to roll the dough out to a ½-inch thickness.
Use a 3 ½-inch cookie cutter to cut circles out of the dough. You should get 8 circles out of the dough.
Place dough circles onto the squares of parchment paper.
Lightly brush the tops of each bun with a small amount of olive oil then fold each bun over creating half circle shapes.
Cover the baking sheet with food safe plastic wrap and let sit for 30 minutes in a warm area (room temperature) to allow buns to rise a bit more.
Take each bun, still on parchment paper, and place the bun with parchment paper into a bamboo steamer. Depending on the size of your steamer (pictured here is a 10” steamer) you should be able to fit 4 buns without overcrowding them. The buns should not be touching each other. Most steaming baskets come with multiple levels. Only cook one level (layer) of buns at a time to ensure an even baking temperature for all.
Place about ½ inch of water into a deep frying pan or wok. This pan must be large enough to fit your bamboo steamer.
On the stovetop, bring the water to a boil on high heat then reduce heat to medium.
Place the bamboo steamer into the deep frying pan or wok. Be sure that the water isn’t too high that it’s touching the buns. The buns should never be submerged in water. They cook with steam only.
Place lid on the steamer and let the buns steam over low-medium heat for 12 minutes. When you start running out of water in the pan, add more as needed. Never let the pan run out of water while steaming. Adding room temperature water is fine – it will heat up quickly.
After 12 minutes, carefully remove the lid from the steamer. Be careful as the steam will be extremely hot.
Remove buns (with parchment paper) from steamer and repeat the steps to cook the remainder of the buns.
Allow buns to cool completely before storing leftovers. Store leftovers in a sealed food-safe container in the fridge for up to 4 days.
Notes
When shaping, try gently stretching and folding the dough over rather than just pressing it. This technique can give a slightly smoother surface and improve texture.
When steaming, make sure the water level stays below the buns. They should be steamed, not boiled, so check that the water isn’t touching the steamer bottom.
Avoid lifting the steam lid before the 12 minutes is up. If you prefer a slightly firmer bao, turn off the heat after 12 minutes and let them sit covered for another 1-2 minutes.
Ensure the water and milk are at the right temperature (100-110°F). Too hot can kill the yeast, and too cool will not activate it fully. If you don’t have a thermometer, aim for a warm—not hot—temperature when touching the liquid.
Gluten-free doughs are typically stickier than traditional doughs, but avoid overmixing; this can make them tough. Mix until just combined and the dough pulls away from the sides of the bowl.
Check the expiration date on your yeast before starting.
It is important to measure your flour accurately. I recommend using a food scale. Too much flour will make your dough crumbly and won’t blend together properly, while too little will make it too sticky.
Once cooled, wrap each leftover bun individually in plastic wrap or place parchment paper between each bun in an airtight container to prevent sticking. Store in the refrigerator for up to 4 days.
To reheat, steam the buns again for a few minutes instead of microwaving; steaming will preserve the soft texture while microwaving can make them chewy.